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Benzodiazepines can induce a severe benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome as well as drug seeking behavior.. Sedative-hypnotics such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, and the barbiturates are known for the severe physical dependence that they are capable of inducing which can result in severe withdrawal effects. [13]
Abrupt withdrawal from any of these compounds, e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol, corticosteroids, neuroactive steroids, and nonbenzodiazepines, precipitate similar withdrawal effects characterized by central nervous system hyper-excitability, resulting in symptoms such as increased seizure susceptibility and anxiety. [33]
Psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorders outlined within the ICD-10 codes F10.5—F19.5: F10.5 alcohol: [8] [9] [10] Alcohol is a common cause of psychotic disorders or episodes, which may occur through acute intoxication, chronic alcoholism, withdrawal, exacerbation of existing disorders, or acute idiosyncratic reactions. [8]
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.
A box of Lorazepam Orion (Lorazepam) tablets. Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [14] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [14]
The protracted withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol and other addictive substances can produce symptoms identical to generalized anxiety disorder as well as panic disorder. Due to the sometimes prolonged nature and severity of benzodiazepine, opioid and alcohol withdrawal, abrupt cessation is not advised. [13]
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use. [1] Symptoms typically include anxiety , shakiness , sweating, vomiting, fast heart rate , and a mild fever. [ 1 ]
Librium (chlordiazepoxide) – a benzodiazepine used to treat acute alcohol withdrawal; Lithobid, Eskalith – a mood stabilizer; Loxam (escitalopram) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class; Lunesta (eszopiclone) – a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic; Luvox (fluvoxamine) – an antidepressant of the SSRI class