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A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design , electronic design , software design , and process flow diagrams .
An example of a closed-loop block diagram, from which a transfer function may be computed, is shown below: The summing node and the G(s) and H(s) blocks can all be combined into one block, which would have the following transfer function: () = + ()
Models are built by sliding blocks into the work area and wiring them together with the mouse. Embed automatically converts the control diagrams into C-code ready to be downloaded to the target hardware. VisSim (now Altair Embed) uses a graphical data flow paradigm to implement dynamic systems, based on differential equations.
Function Block Diagram is one of five languages for logic or control configuration [2] supported by standard IEC 61131-3 for a control system such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a Distributed Control System (DCS). The other supported languages are ladder logic, sequential function chart, structured text, and instruction list.
"The signal flow graph is another visual tool for representing causal relationships between components of the system. It is a simplified version of a block diagram introduced by S.J. Mason as a cause-and-effect representation of linear systems." — Arthur G.O. Mutambara: Design and Analysis of Control Systems, p.238
Every control system must guarantee first the stability of the closed-loop behavior. For linear systems, this can be obtained by directly placing the poles. Nonlinear control systems use specific theories (normally based on Aleksandr Lyapunov's Theory) to ensure stability without regard to the inner dynamics of the system. The possibility to ...
In a control-flow graph each node in the graph represents a basic block, i.e. a straight-line sequence of code with a single entry point and a single exit point, where no branches or jumps occur within the block. Basic blocks starts with jump targets and ends with jumps or branch instructions.
Note that the diagram shows both input (transfer to operational orbit) and output (transfer to space transportation system orbit), thus initiating the interface identification and control process. Each block in the second level diagram can be progressively developed into a series of functions, as shown in the third level diagram on Figure 2. [8]