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This 1878 engraving by Toyohara Chikanobu (1838–1912) visually presents the central tenet of State Shinto (1871–1946). This Shinto variant asserted and promoted belief in the divinity of the Emperor, which arose from a genealogical family tree extending back to the first emperor and to the most important deities of Japanese mythology.
The Shinto Directive was an order issued in 1945 [1] to the Japanese government by Occupation authorities to abolish state support for the Shinto religion. This unofficial " State Shinto " was thought by Allies to have been a major contributor to Japan's nationalistic and militant culture that led to World War II .
Shrine Shinto is a form of the Shinto religion. [1] It has two main varieties: State Shinto, a pre-World War II variant, and another centered on Shinto shrines after World War II, in which ritual rites are the center of belief, conducted by an organization of clergy. [2] [1] Today, the term Shinto usually refers to Shrine Shinto.
Jinja-shinto (神社神道) – Originally a synonym of State Shinto (Kokka Shinto below), it is now a term criticized by specialists as problematic. [1] When applied to post-war Shinto, it means the beliefs and practices associated to shrines, particularly those associated with the Association of Shinto Shrines. [1] Jisei (自制, lit.
A torii gateway to the Yobito Shrine (Yobito-jinja) in Abashiri City, HokkaidoThere is no universally agreed definition of Shinto. [2] According to Joseph Cali and John Dougill, if there was "one single, broad definition of Shinto" that could be put forward, it would be that "Shinto is a belief in kami", the supernatural entities at the centre of the religion. [3]
The Shrine Parishioner Registration act (氏子調, Ujiko shirabe) was a law in Japan that forcibly registered people in Shinto Shrines. [1] [2] It was implemented by the Meiji government from 1871 (Meiji 4) to 1873. [3] [4] It is a religious policy that obliged citizens to become parishioners of local shrines (gosha). [1] [2]
The modern system of ranked Shinto shrines (近代社格制度, Kindai Shakaku Seido, sometimes called simply shakaku (社格)) was an organizational aspect of the establishment of Japanese State Shinto. This system classified Shinto shrines as either official government shrines or "other" shrines. The official shrines were divided into
The origins of Shinto in Korea are primarily a result of Japan's incursions since an unbalanced treaty in 1876. Shinto's rise in Korea is directly associated with the Japanese government's ideological use of the traditional folk practices of Japan, later described as "State Shinto." As Japan expanded its control of Korea, it also expanded the ...