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Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling and dopaminergic nerve function is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. [1] Dopamine receptors are therefore common drug targets. Dopamine receptors activate different effectors through not only G-protein coupling, but also signaling through different protein (dopamine receptor-interacting ...
Other dopaminergic drugs that have been used or suggested in the treatment of disorders of diminished motivation include rasagiline (a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor; but see more below), tolcapone (a centrally-acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor), and amantadine (an indirectly acting dopaminergic agent that ...
Serotonin–dopamine releasing agents (SDRAs), for instance 5-chloro-αMT, are less common and are not selective for dopamine release, but have also been developed. [ 9 ] [ 14 ] Tryptamines like 5-chloro-αMT are the only known releaser scaffold that consistently release dopamine more potently than norepinephrine.
In Parkinson's disease dopaminergic neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain slowly break down and can eventually die. With decreasing levels of dopamine the brain can't function properly and causes abnormal brain activity, which ultimately leads to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Amantadine has dopaminergic effects through uncertain mechanisms of action. [24] [25] It is structurally related to other adamantanes like bromantane and rimantadine, which also have dopaminergic actions. [26] Bromantane can upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and thereby increase dopamine production and this might be involved in its ...
The wakefulness-promoting agent modafinil and its analogues (e.g., adrafinil, armodafinil) have been approved to treat narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder. [7] These act as weak ( micromolar ) DRIs, [ 8 ] but this effect does not correlate with wakefulness-promoting effects, suggesting the effect is too weak to be of clinical significance.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. Most antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, and as such they have found use in treating schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and stimulant psychosis . [ 1 ]