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Schooling also has disadvantages, such as excretion buildup in the breathing media and oxygen and food depletion. The way the fish array in the school probably gives energy saving advantages, though this is controversial. [5] Schools of forage fish often accompany large predator fish. Here a school of jacks accompany a great barracuda.
A school of bluefin trevally working a school of anchovies which may compact into a spherical bait ball if they are sufficiently threatened. A bait ball, or baitball, occurs when small fish swarm in a tightly packed spherical formation about a common centre. [1]
Shoaling can also refract waves, so the waves change direction. For example, if waves pass over a sloping bank which is shallower at one end than the other, then the shoaling effect will result in the waves slowing more at the shallow end. Thus, the wave fronts will refract, changing direction like light passing through a prism.
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The common minnow is a small fish which reaches a maximum total length of 14 centimetres (5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in), but is normally around 7 centimetres (3 in) in length. It has 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its dorsal fin with 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its anal fin .
Shoaling – describes the behaviour of fish which aggregate together, including mixed species groups. Fish derive many benefits from shoaling behaviour including defence against predators through better predator detection and by diluting the chance of capture, enhanced foraging success, and higher success in finding a mate.
Characiformes / ˈ k æ r ə s ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. [1]
This can be seen in species of shoaling fish, where the initial aggregation of individuals to a group initially allowed for the protection from predators, however the limiting resources available changes over time, and mortality rates of these fish begin to increase, [31] showing that resource competition is an important regulator of reef fish ...