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In neuroanatomy, the trigeminal nerve (lit. triplet nerve), also known as the fifth cranial nerve, cranial nerve V, or simply CN V, is a cranial nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the most complex of the cranial nerves.
The jaw jerk reflex or the masseter reflex is a stretch reflex used to test the status of a patient's trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) and to help distinguish an upper cervical cord compression from lesions that are above the foramen magnum.
The trigeminal nerve is a paired cranial nerve that has three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V 1), the maxillary nerve (V 2), and the mandibular nerve (V 3). One, two, or all three branches of the nerve may be affected. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly involves the middle branch (the maxillary nerve or V 2) and lower branch (mandibular ...
Corneal reflex is conducted along with the facial nerve section of the test. Note the sensory innervation of the cornea is provided by the trigeminal nerve while the motor innervation for blinking the eye is provided by the facial nerve.-Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter) should be inspected for atrophy. Palpate the temporalis and ...
The trigeminal nerve.. ATN is usually attributed to inflammation or demyelination, with increased sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve.These effects are believed to be caused by infection, demyelinating diseases, or compression of the trigeminal nerve (by an impinging vein or artery, a tumor, dental trauma, accidents, or arteriovenous malformation) and are often confused with dental problems.
The afferent sensory signals are transmitted by the trigeminal nerve to the brain stem; the efferent signals go to the orbicularis oculi muscle via the facial nerve, causing the muscle to reflexively contract, yielding blinking. This reflex was first identified by Walker Overend. [4]
Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, [1] is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (along with other cranial nerve neuralgias), a pain syndrome characterized by severe episodes of intense facial pain, and hemifacial spasm.
The trigeminal ganglion contains cell bodies of the pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve which extend their axons both distally/peripherally into the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve on the one end, and proximally/centrally to the brainstem on the other end; the trigeminal root extends from the trigeminal ganglion to the ventrolateral aspect of the pons.