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A lossless audio coding format reduces the total data needed to represent a sound but can be de-coded to its original, uncompressed form. A lossy audio coding format additionally reduces the bit resolution of the sound on top of compression, which results in far less data at the cost of irretrievably lost information.
This is used in sound cards that support both audio in and out, for instance. Hardware audio codecs send and receive digital data using buses such as AC-Link , I²S , SPI , I²C , etc. Most commonly the digital data is linear PCM , and this is the only format that most codecs support, but some legacy codecs support other formats such as G.711 ...
Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM) is the format for uncompressed audio in media files and it is also the standard for CD-DA; note that in computers, LPCM is usually stored in container formats such as WAV, AIFF, or AU, or as raw audio format, although not technically necessary.
Audio file icons of various formats. An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression.
Malvar was a senior researcher and manager of the Signal Processing Group at Microsoft Research, [6] whose team worked on the MSAudio project. [7] The first finalized codec was initially referred to as MSAudio 4.0. [8] [9] It was later officially released as Windows Media Audio, [1] as part of Windows Media
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression.It was designed to be the successor of the MP3 format and generally achieves higher sound quality than MP3 at the same bit rate.
In recorded and live music, compression parameters may be adjusted to change the way they affect sounds. Compression and limiting are identical in process but different in degree and perceived effect. A limiter is a compressor with a high ratio and, generally, a short attack time.
For example, one 640 MB compact disc (CD) holds approximately one hour of uncompressed high fidelity music, less than 2 hours of music compressed losslessly, or 7 hours of music compressed in the MP3 format at a medium bit rate. A digital sound recorder can typically store around 200 hours of clearly intelligible speech in 640 MB. [47]