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Targeted alpha-particle therapy (or TAT) is an in-development method of targeted radionuclide therapy of various cancers. It employs radioactive substances which undergo alpha decay to treat diseased tissue at close proximity. [1] It has the potential to provide highly targeted treatment, especially to microscopic tumour cells.
The decay properties of actinium-225 are favorable for usage in targeted alpha therapy (TAT); clinical trials have demonstrated the applicability of radiopharmaceuticals containing 225 Ac to treat various types of cancer. However, the scarcity of this isotope resulting from its necessary synthesis in cyclotrons limits its potential applications.
This is a type of targeted therapy which uses the physical, chemical and biological properties of the radiopharmaceutical to target areas of the body for radiation treatment. [3] The related diagnostic modality of nuclear medicine employs the same principles but uses different types or quantities of radiopharmaceuticals in order to image or ...
It is an alpha emitter and has a half-life of 9.919 days. As of 2024, it is being researched as a possible alpha source in targeted alpha therapy. [12] [13] [14] Actinium-225 undergoes a series of three alpha decays – via the short-lived francium-221 and astatine-217 – to 213 Bi, which itself is used as an alpha source. [15]
Targeted alpha therapy for solid tumors involves attaching an alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide to a tumor-targeting molecule such as an antibody, that can be delivered by intravenous administration to a cancer patient. [34]
[5] [6] Radium-223 dichloride is an alpha particle-emitting radiotherapy drug that mimics calcium and forms complexes with hydroxyapatite at areas of increased bone turnover. [7] The principal use of radium-223, as a radiopharmaceutical to treat metastatic cancers in bone , takes advantage of its chemical similarity to calcium , and the short ...
Terbium-149 emits short-range alpha particles, gamma-rays and positrons, in its decay scheme, which makes it suitable for targeted alpha therapy. The particular study of 149 Tb produced by ISOLDE has been in folate receptor therapy, prominent in ovarian and lung cancer .
Biomarkers are usually required to aid the selection of patients who will likely respond to a given targeted therapy. [5] Co-targeted therapy involves the use of one or more therapeutics aimed at multiple targets, for example PI3K and MEK, in an attempt to generate a synergistic response [4] and prevent the development of drug resistance. [6] [7]