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  2. Air–fuel ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfuel_ratio

    Airfuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion). The airfuel ratio determines whether a mixture is ...

  3. Lean-burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean-burn

    Lean-burn refers to the burning of fuel with an excess of air in an internal combustion engine. In lean-burn engines the airfuel ratio may be as lean as 65:1 (by mass). The air / fuel ratio needed to stoichiometrically combust gasoline, by contrast, is 14.64:1. The excess of air in a lean-burn engine emits far less hydrocarbons.

  4. Stratified charge engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_charge_engine

    A stratified charge can allow for slightly higher compression ratios without "knock," and leaner air/fuel ratio than in conventional internal combustion engines. Conventionally, a four-stroke (petrol or gasoline) Otto cycle engine is fueled by drawing a mixture of air and fuel into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke

  5. Engine efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_efficiency

    A gasoline engine burns a mix of gasoline and air, consisting of a range of about twelve to eighteen parts (by weight) of air to one part of fuel (by weight). A mixture with a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric, that is when burned, 100% of the fuel and the oxygen are consumed.

  6. Gasoline direct injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection

    This results in large fuel stratification gradients, meaning that there is a cloud of fuel with a very low air ratio in its centre, and a very high air ratio at its edges. The fuel can only be ignited in between these two "zones". Ignition takes place almost immediately after injection to increase engine efficiency.

  7. Engine knocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking

    the use of a fuel with high octane rating, which increases the combustion temperature of the fuel and reduces the proclivity to detonate; enriching the airfuel ratio which alters the chemical reactions during combustion, reduces the combustion temperature and increases the margin to detonation; reducing peak cylinder pressure

  8. Homogeneous charge compression ignition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_charge...

    Homogeneous mixing of fuel and air leads to cleaner combustion and lower emissions. Because peak temperatures are significantly lower than in typical SI engines, NO x levels are almost negligible. Additionally, the technique does not produce soot. [3] HCCI engines can operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, and most alternative fuels. [4]

  9. Throttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle

    In an internal combustion engine, the throttle is a means of controlling an engine's power by regulating the amount of fuel or air entering the engine. In a motor vehicle the control used by the driver to regulate power is sometimes called the throttle, accelerator, or gas pedal. For a gasoline engine, the throttle most commonly regulates the ...