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NGC 6302 (also known as the Bug Nebula, Butterfly Nebula, or Caldwell 69) is a bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Scorpius.The structure in the nebula is among the most complex ever seen in planetary nebulae.
The Westbrook Nebula, a protoplanetary nebula. A protoplanetary nebula or preplanetary nebula [ 27 ] (PPN, plural PPNe) is an astronomical object which is at the short-lived episode during a star 's rapid evolution between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB) [a] phase and the subsequent planetary nebula (PN) phase.
The apparent magnitude, the magnitude as seen by the observer (an instrument called a bolometer is used), can be measured and used with the absolute magnitude to calculate the distance d to the object in parsecs [14] as follows: = + or = (+) / where m is the apparent magnitude, and M the absolute magnitude. For this to be accurate, both ...
Atomic physics plays a key role in astrophysics as astronomers' only information about a particular object comes through the light that it emits, and this light arises through atomic transitions. Molecular astrophysics , developed into a rigorous field of investigation by theoretical astrochemist Alexander Dalgarno beginning in 1967, concerns ...
A protoplanetary disk forming in the Orion Nebula. The main problem in the physics of accretion disks is the generation of turbulence and the mechanism responsible for the high effective viscosity. [2] The turbulent viscosity is thought to be responsible for the transport of the mass to the central protostar and momentum to the periphery of the ...
The nebula is rich in carbon, and is a very interesting object for the study of carbon chemistry in dense molecular material exposed to strong ultraviolet radiation. [18] The spectrum of NGC 7027 contains fewer spectral lines from neutral molecules than is usual for planetary nebulae.
A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H 2), and the formation of H II regions.
The following tables list molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium or circumstellar matter, grouped by the number of component atoms.Neutral molecules and their molecular ions are listed in separate columns; if there is no entry in the molecule column, only the ionized form has been detected.