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Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [1] Bureaucratic work had already been performed for many centuries. The term may also refer to managerial and directorial executives in the corporate sector. [citation needed]
Bureaucratic structures have many levels of management ranging from senior executives to regional managers, all the way to department store managers. Since there are many levels, decision-making authority has to pass through more layers than flatter organizations. A bureaucratic organization has rigid and tight procedures, policies and constraints.
Definition Adhocracy: Rule by a government based on relatively disorganized principles and institutions as compared to a bureaucracy, its exact opposite. Anocracy: A regime type where power is not vested in public institutions (as in a normal democracy) but spread amongst elite groups who are constantly competing with each other for power.
The obvious place to begin to investigate whether this is true or not is a definition of the word 'bureaucracy'. Let's give our thanks to the contributors of the bureaucracy article: "Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity , usually in large organizations and government .
Street-level bureaucracy is the subset of a public agency or government institution where the civil servants work who have direct contact with members of the general public. Street-level civil servants carry out and/or enforce the actions required by a government's laws and public policies , in areas ranging from safety and security to ...
The customary method by which agencies of the United States government are created, abolished, consolidated, or divided is through an act of Congress. [2] The presidential reorganization authority essentially delegates these powers to the president for a defined period of time, permitting the President to take those actions by decree. [3]
The term representative bureaucracy is generally attributed to J. Donald Kingsley's book titled Representative Bureaucracy that was published in 1944. In his book, Kingsley calls for a " liberalization of social class selection for the English bureaucracy," due to the "Dominance of social, political, and economic elites within the British bureaucracy" which he claimed resulted in programs and ...