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Esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. [1] They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, [2] commonly due to cirrhosis. [3] People with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop severe bleeding which left untreated can be fatal.
The esophageal veins drain blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein, in the thorax, and to the inferior thyroid vein in the neck. It also drains, although with less significance, to the hemiazygos vein, posterior intercostal vein and bronchial veins. [citation needed] In the abdomen, some drain to the left gastric vein which drains into the ...
The inferior end of the esophagus and the superior part of the rectum are potential sites of a harmful portocaval anastomosis. [1] In portal hypertension, as in the case of cirrhosis of the liver, the anastomoses become congested and form venous dilatations. Such dilatation can lead to esophageal varices and anorectal varices. Caput medusae can ...
Patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy may experience bleeding from the stomach, which may uncommonly manifest itself in vomiting blood or melena; however, portal hypertension may cause several other more common sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such as esophageal varices and gastric varices. On endoscopic evaluation of the ...
Esophageal varices are due to a connection between the left gastric vein and the azygos-hemiazygos veins; gastroesophageal varices are due to connections between either the anterior branch of the left gastric vein and esophageal veins or the short gastric & posterior gastric vein and esophageal veins. [25] [26]
The esophageal branch of the left gastric vein drains into the azygos vein. In cases of portal hypertension, this communication allows for blood to bypass the portal vein and reach systemic circulation. As a result of this anastomosis, development of esophageal and paraesophageal varices is possible. [3]
"Around the Horn" host Tony Reali, left, attends a 2014 ESPN event in New York with frequent panelist Tim Cowlishaw. "Around the Horn" began in 2002 with Max Kellerman as its original host.
Esophageal varices and gastric varices result from collateral circulation in the esophagus and stomach (a process called portacaval anastomosis). [40] When the blood vessels in this circulation become enlarged, they are called varices. Varices are more likely to rupture at this point. [9] Variceal rupture often leads to severe bleeding, which ...