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In medicine, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a subcategory in systems of disease/disorder classification such as ICD-9, ICD-10, or DSM-IV.It is generally used to note the presence of an illness where the symptoms presented were sufficient to make a general diagnosis, but where a specific diagnosis was not made.
This list features both the added and removed subtypes. Also, 22 ICD-9-CM codes were updated. [2] The ICD codes stated in the first column are those from the DSM-IV-TR. The ones that were updated are marked yellow – the older ICD codes from the DSM-IV are stated in the third column.
The DSM-5 (2013), the current version, also features ICD-9-CM codes, listing them alongside the codes of Chapter V of the ICD-10-CM. On 1 October 2015, the United States health care system officially switched from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM. [1] [2] The DSM is the authoritative reference work in diagnosing mental disorders in the world.
This is a shortened version of the ninth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Digestive System. It covers ICD codes 520 to 579. The full chapter can be found on pages 301 to 328 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Worldwide, approximately 3.6 billion people (48% of the population) have dental caries in their permanent teeth as of 2016. [7] The World Health Organization estimates that nearly all adults have dental caries at some point in time. [2] In baby teeth it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population. [10]
Dental fear, or dentophobia, is a normal emotional reaction to one or more specific threatening stimuli in the dental situation. [1] [2] However, dental anxiety is indicative of a state of apprehension that something dreadful is going to happen in relation to dental treatment, and it is usually coupled with a sense of losing control. [1]
In young children, the pain from a carious lesion can be quite distressing and restorative treatment can cause an early dental anxiety to develop. [26] Dental anxiety has knock-on effects for both dental professionals and patients. Treatment planning and therefore treatment success can be compromised. The dental staff can become stressed and ...
The decaying tooth root provides bacteria with an enclosed environment with low oxygen content. Consequently, the obligate and facultative anaerobes present within the oral cavity flourish and outcompete the other bacteria at the site of tooth decay, causing the dental caries to escalate into a mouth infection.