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Historically, objects that were difficult to counterfeit (e.g. shells, rare stones, precious metals) were often chosen as money. [61] Before the introduction of paper money, the most prevalent method of counterfeiting involved mixing base metals with pure gold or silver. A form of counterfeiting is the production of documents by legitimate ...
In the introduction section of Handbook of the History of Money and Currency provides a glimpse into the relationship between grains and precious metals during this emergence of currency: "Grain was used as unit of account to calculate values, measure labor time and land yield, and as means of payment in agricultural and handicraft activities.
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 17:54, 26 February 2022: 1,275 × 1,650 (280 KB): NPierre11: The summary is an example of social narrative that I created using microsoft word, adobe acrobat, and saving it as JPEG for a high quality image.
Monetary economics is the branch of economics that studies the different theories of money: it provides a framework for analyzing money and considers its functions ( as medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account), and it considers how money can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience as a public good. [1]
Ancient types of money known as grain-money and food cattle-money were used from around 9000 BCE as two of the earliest commodities used for purposes of bartering. Anatolian obsidian as a raw material for Stone Age tools was being distributed from as early as about 12,500 BCE, and organized trading of it was occurring during the 9th millennium ...
The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World is a 2008 book by then-Harvard professor Niall Ferguson, [1] and an adapted television documentary for Channel 4 (UK) and PBS (US), [2] which in 2009 won an International Emmy Award. It examines the long history of money, credit, and banking.
The alternative to a commodity money system is fiat money which is defined by a central bank and government law as legal tender even if it has no intrinsic value. Originally fiat money was paper currency or base metal coinage, but in modern economies it mainly exists as data such as bank balances and records of credit or debit card purchases, [3] and the fraction that exists as notes and coins ...
In premodern China, the need for lending and for a medium of exchange that was less physically cumbersome than large numbers of copper coins led to the introduction of paper money, i.e. banknotes. Their introduction was a gradual process that lasted from the late Tang dynasty (618–907) into the Song dynasty (960–1279).