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The Church of the New Dispensation was a religious movement founded in the 19th century by Keshab Chunder Sen, characterized by its syncretic blend of Hindu, Christian, and other religious traditions, and its focus on direct, personal spiritual experience and social reform within the framework of Indian Brahmoism.
Manav Dharma Sabha was one of the earliest socio-religious reform organization in Gujarat and British India. It was founded on 22 June 1844 in Surat by Durgaram Manchharam Mehta, Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar and a few others. The goals of the Sabha were to expose the hypocritical arts present in Christian, Muslim and Hindu religions.
Dharma Sabha was formed in 1830 in Calcutta by Radhakanta Deb.The organization was established mainly to counter the ongoing social reform movements led by protagonists such as Raja Ram Mohun Roy and Henry Derozio.
The movement was started as a movement for religious and social reform. [citation needed]. The precursor of the Prarthana Samaj in Mumbai was the Paramahamsa Sabha, a secret society for the furtherance of liberal ideas by Ram Balkrishna Jaykar and others in Mumbai. It was secret in order to avoid the wrath of the powerful and conservative elements.
'Noble Society') is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The sannyasi (ascetic) Dayananda Saraswati founded the samaj in the 1870s. Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organization to introduce proselytization in Hinduism. [3] [4]
Ayya Vaikundar was the first [1] to succeed as a social reformer [2] [3] in launching political struggle, [4] social renaissance [5] [6] [7] as well as religious reformation [8] in the country. [9] Vaikundar was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of south India [ 10 ] and Kerala. [ 11 ]
The foundations of social change in Kerala can be traced back to the 16th century. The emergence of the Bhakti movement and the development of the modern Malayalam language and the influence of figures like Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan led to the breaking of Brahmin dominance over literature and knowledge. [citation needed]
The socio-political movement, derived from ancient rite of shuddhikaran, [2] or purification was started by the Arya Samaj, and its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his followers like Swami Shraddhanand, who also worked on the Sangathan consolidation aspect of Hinduism, in North India, especially Punjab in early 1900s, though it gradually spread across India. [3]