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There are many types of medical restraint: Four-point restraints, fabric body holders, straitjackets are typically only used temporarily during psychiatric emergencies. Restraint masks to prevent patients from biting in retaliation to medical authority in situations where a patient is known to be violent.
When using physical restraint, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suggest supine rather than prone restraint and that physical restraint should ideally not last longer than 10 minutes. [5]: 1.4.24 In Australia, so-called behavioural assessment rooms are provided in emergency rooms where an aggressive patient can be moved to.
A Posey vest is a type of medical restraint used to restrain a patient to a bed or chair. [1] Its name comes from the J.T. Posey Company, its inventor, though the term "Posey" is used generically to describe all such devices. [2]
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A chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint in which a drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a patient or in some cases to sedate the patient. Chemical restraint is used in emergency, acute, and psychiatric settings to perform surgery or to reduce agitation, aggression or violent behaviours; [a] it may also be used to control or punish unruly behaviours. [2]
As a medical restraint, limb restraints are soft, padded cuffs which are applied to a patient to prevent the patient from causing harm to themselves or to others. The device consists of cuffs which are wrapped around the patient's wrists or ankles, and straps that are attached to the frame of their bed or a restraint chair.
[7] [8] For the healthcare worker however, psychological damage such as post-traumatic stress can result, [4] in addition to a decrease in job motivation. [7] Aggression also harms patient care. Rude remarks from patients or their family members can distract healthcare professionals and cause them to make mistakes during a medical procedure. [9]
Federal courts have rarely upheld claims of medical neglect in US prisons, even when healthcare providers failed to diagnose cancer or treat heart disease.