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Goose bumps are an example of a vestigial human reaction to stress. The formation of goose bumps in humans under stress is a vestigial reflex; a possible function in the distant evolutionary ancestors of humanity was to raise the body's hair, making the ancestor appear larger and scaring off predators.
Many examples of these are vestigial in other primates and related animals, whereas other examples are still highly developed. The human caecum is vestigial, as often is the case in omnivores, being reduced to a single chamber receiving the content of the ileum into the colon.
Bunodont teeth are common in other omnivorous mammals, including pigs, bears, and humans. The upper molars have up to six cusps and a low crest (a precingulum) on the front edge of the crown. In all but the earliest entelodonts, the lower molars have only four main cusps.
In humans, the molar teeth have either four or five cusps. Adult humans have 12 molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the front of the gum at about the age of 20, although this varies among individuals and ...
Since dental apparatus comes into direct contact with the foods consumed, teeth provide direct and some of the best evidence for the diet that an individual ate in life. [18] The analysis of features on the teeth and jaws such as cavities, hypoplasias and striations can all reveal the sorts of foods that were consumed. [19]
Carnivores possess diverse carnassial teeth. The carnassials are specialized teeth for different diets of different animals. [12] These teeth are used to cut through flesh. [12] Either the molars or both the premolars and molars in combination may be adapted into shearing carnassials. Tooth roots can be great indicators of diets.
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Atavism can also be seen in humans who possess large teeth, like those of other primates. [9] In addition, a case of "snake heart", the presence of "coronary circulation and myocardial architecture [that closely] resemble those of the reptilian heart", has also been reported in medical literature. [ 10 ]