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The Etruscan civilization (/ ɪ ˈ t r ʌ s k ən / ih-TRUS-kən) was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. [2]
The Mars of Todi, a life-sized bronze sculpture of a soldier making a votive offering, late 5th to early 4th century BC Painted terracotta Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa, about 150–130 BC The Orator, c. 100 BC, an Etrusco-Roman bronze statue depicting Aule Metele (Latin: Aulus Metellus), an Etruscan man wearing a Roman toga while engaged in rhetoric; the statue features an ...
The Mars of Todi, a life-sized bronze sculpture of a soldier making a votive offering, late 5th to early 4th century BC. Dionysius of Halicarnassus asserted: [33]. Indeed, those probably come nearest to the truth who declare that the nation migrated from nowhere else, but was native to the country, since it is found to be a very ancient nation and to agree with no other either in its language ...
Etruscan goddess identified with Greek Aphrodite and Roman Venus. She appears in the expression, Turan ati, "Mother Turan", equivalent to Venus Genetrix. [52] Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem Tur-'to give.' Turmś, Turms: Etruscan god identified with Greek Hermes and Roman Mercurius.
The Etruscans were a dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC, [5] surpassing other ancient Italic peoples such as the Ligures. Their influence may be seen beyond Etruria's confines in the Po River Valley and Latium , as well as in Campania and through their contact with the Greek colonies in Southern Italy (including Sicily).
Since the Etruscans were politically and culturally influential in pre-Republican Rome, many Etruscologists are also scholars of the history, archaeology, and culture of Rome. The premier scholarly journal of Etruscan Studies is Studi Etruschi .
Etruscan cities were a group of ancient settlements that shared a common Etruscan language and culture, even though they were independent city-states. They flourished over a large part of the northern half of Italy starting from the Iron Age , and in some cases reached a substantial level of wealth and power.
The name Villanovan of the early phases of the Etruscan civilization comes from the site of the first archaeological finds relating to this advanced culture, which were remnants of a cemetery found near Villanova (Castenaso, 12 kilometres east of Bologna) in northern Italy.