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The psychology of self and identity is a subfield of Psychology that moves psychological research “deeper inside the conscious mind of the person and further out into the person’s social world.” [1] The exploration of self and identity subsequently enables the influence of both inner phenomenal experiences and the outer world in relation to the individual to be further investigated.
The psychology of self is the study of either the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity or the subject of experience. The earliest formulation of the self in modern psychology forms the distinction between two elements I and me. The self as I, is the subjective knower. While, the self as Me, is the subject that is known. [4]
Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group. [1] [2] [3] [4]Identity emerges during childhood as children start to comprehend their self-concept, and it remains a consistent aspect throughout different stages of life.
In other words, one's self-evaluation relies on self-perceptions and how others perceive them. Self-concept can alternate rapidly between one's personal and social identity. [14] Children and adolescents begin integrating social identity into their own self-concept in elementary school by assessing their position among peers. [15]
Ego death – Complete loss of subjective self-identity; Plato's theory of soul – Plato's account of the soul as consisting of logical, spirited, and appetitive parts; Psychology of self – Study of the representation of one's identity; Resistance (psychoanalysis) – Term used in psychoanalysis describing oppositional behaviors
The "Me" is what is learned in interaction with others and (more generally) with the environment: other people's attitudes, once internalized in the self, constitute the Me. [3] This includes both knowledge about that environment (including society), but also about who the person is: their sense of self. "What the individual is for himself is ...
The idea that there are two centers of the personality distinguished Jungian psychology at one time. The ego has been seen as the center of consciousness, whereas the Self is defined as the center of the total personality, which includes consciousness, the unconscious, and the ego; the Self is both the whole and the center.
Identity formation, also called identity development or identity construction, is a complex process in which humans develop a clear and unique view of themselves and of their identity. Self-concept, personality development, and values are all closely related to identity formation. Individuation is also a critical part of identity formation.