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The hook effect refers to the prozone phenomenon, also known as antibody excess, or the postzone phenomenon, also known as antigen excess. It is an immunologic phenomenon whereby the effectiveness of antibodies to form immune complexes can be impaired when concentrations of an antibody or an antigen are very high.
A hook effect is commonly observed with high concentrations of PROTACs due to the bifunctional nature of the degrader. [15] Currently, pVHL and CRBN have been used in preclinical trials as E3 ligases. [15] However, there still remains hundreds of E3 ligases to be explored, with some giving the opportunity for cell specificity.
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Hook effect, most relevant to in vitro tests but known to have some in vivo relevances; References This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 21:25 (UTC). Text ...
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Central to PK/PD models is the concentration-effect or exposure-response relationship. [4] A variety of PK/PD modeling approaches exist to describe exposure-response relationships . PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model . [ 5 ]
Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.