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  2. Sense and reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference

    Sense is something possessed by a name, whether or not it has a reference. For example, the name "Odysseus" is intelligible, and therefore has a sense, even though there is no individual object (its reference) to which the name corresponds. The sense of different names is different, even when their reference is the same.

  3. Frege's puzzles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frege's_puzzles

    Frege's puzzles are puzzles about the semantics of proper names, although related puzzles also arise in the case of indexicals. Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) introduced the puzzle at the beginning of his article "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" ("On Sense and Reference") in 1892 in one of the most influential articles in analytic philosophy and philosophy of language.

  4. Semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics

    A central topic in semantics concerns the relation between language, world, and mental concepts. Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. It examines what meaning is, how words get their meaning, and how the meaning of a complex expression depends on its parts. Part of this process involves the distinction between sense and reference ...

  5. Philosophy of language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_language

    Investigations into how language interacts with the world are called theories of reference. Gottlob Frege was an advocate of a mediated reference theory. Frege divided the semantic content of every expression, including sentences, into two components: sense and reference. The sense of a sentence is the thought that it expresses.

  6. Descriptivist theory of names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptivist_theory_of_names

    In the philosophy of language, the descriptivist theory of proper names (also descriptivist theory of reference) [1] is the view that the meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to the descriptions associated with it by speakers, while their referents are determined to be the objects that satisfy these descriptions.

  7. Two-dimensionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensionalism

    Two-dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy. It is a theory of how to determine the sense and reference of a word and the truth-value of a sentence. It is intended to resolve the puzzle: How is it possible to discover empirically that a necessary truth is true? Two-dimensionalism provides an analysis of the semantics ...

  8. Gottlob Frege - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottlob_Frege

    Frege's 1892 paper, "On Sense and Reference" ("Über Sinn und Bedeutung"), introduced his influential distinction between sense ("Sinn") and reference ("Bedeutung", which has also been translated as "meaning", or "denotation"). While conventional accounts of meaning took expressions to have just one feature (reference), Frege introduced the ...

  9. Principle of compositionality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_compositionality

    Scholars are also divided as to whether the principle should be regarded as a factual claim, open to empirical testing; an analytic truth, obvious from the nature of language and meaning; or a methodological principle to guide the development of theories of syntax and semantics. The Principle of Compositionality has been attacked in all three ...