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The Mongol conquests resulted in widespread and well-documented death and destruction throughout Eurasia, as the Mongol army invaded hundreds of cities and killed millions of people. One estimate is that approximately 10% of the contemporary global population, amounting to some 37.75–60 million people, was killed either during or immediately ...
Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (1259–1264) Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubids Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264) Karamanid rebels Abbasid Caliphate: Mongol victory over the Abbasids, Ayyubids and Nizaris; Mamluk victory over the Mongols; Treaty of Aleppo; 1261 2nd Kyrgyz revolt against Mongol empire Mongol empire: Kem-Kemjiut state ...
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. [12] [13]
Originally Byzantine Empire vs. Seljuk Empire, but evolved into Christians vs. Muslims: Europe and the Middle East Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: 7.7 million [26] 1533–1572 Spanish Empire vs. Inca Empire: South America French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: 4–7 million [27] [28] [c] 1792–1815 French Republic, later French Empire ...
Historical accounts contend that Merv's entire population, including refugees, who had previously fled from other besieged towns of the empire, were killed. Mongols are reputed to have slaughtered 700,000 people, [2] [3] [4] while Persian historian, Juvayni, as well as R. J. Rummel put the figure at more than 1,300,000, [5] [6] making it one of ...
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history. [5] Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; [6] eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, mounted invasions of Southeast Asia, and ...
Atwood, Christopher P. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire (2004) Christian, David. A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia Vol. 1: Inner Eurasia from Prehistory to the Mongol Empire (Blackwell, 1998) Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Indiana University. p ...
Ighraq's men charged, but 500 were killed when the Mongols suddenly counter-attacked. Seeing this, Jalal al-Din personally attacked the Mongols and forced them to flight. Large numbers of the Mongols were captured alive, and the Khwarazmians killed them by nailing stakes into their ears. [37]