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Anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies can be targeted against malignant cells by several mechanisms. Ramucirumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody and is used in the treatment of advanced malignancies. [18] In childhood lymphoma, phase I and II studies have found a positive effect of using antibody therapy. [19]
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
Biologics provide immunotherapy [4] and can function as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. [3] Biologics can generally be grouped by their "class", that is, their specific mechanism of action and affected targets. Some classes are TNF inhibitors, anti-IL-17A antibodies, and IL-23 antibodies. [7]
CD20 antibody bound with the radioactive isotope, 90Y, induces radiation-dependent cell lysis. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anaemia, hypotension and secondary malignancies. Ipilimumab: IV: CTLA4 antibody that causes immune system-mediated lysis of the tagged cell: Unresectable or metastatic ...
Tocilizumab, sold under the brand name Actemra among others, is an immunosuppressive drug, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, giant cell arteritis, cytokine release syndrome, COVID‑19, and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD).
The anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody infliximab is a major biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseaseBiological therapy, the use of medications called biopharmaceuticals or biologics that are tailored to specifically target an immune or genetic mediator of disease, plays a major role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [1]
Ipilimumab, sold under the brand name Yervoy, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system.
However, monoclonal antibodies also mean that overall affinity is lower owing to the limited ability to recognize different epitopes on the antigens, which may lead to incomplete elimination of pathogens and tumor cells. The production time and cost is high as well, limiting its generalizability and prevalence of usage. [5]