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Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral [2] [3] structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. [4]
The genetic material of a virus is stored within a viral protein structure called the capsid. The capsid is a "shield" that protects the viral nucleic acids from getting degraded by host enzymes or other types of pesticides or pestilences.
Two groups of double-stranded DNA viruses with single-JRC capsids are the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae, both of which have fairly small capsids; in these viruses, the architecture of the assembled capsid orients the axis of the jelly roll parallel or "horizontally" relative to the capsid surface. [11]
The capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid. [1] In this diagram of an Adenovirus, the capsid molecules are clearly visible. Subunits called protomers aggregate to form capsomeres. Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1 ...
In the case of the T4 phage, the construction of new virus particles involves the assistance of helper proteins that act catalytically during phage morphogenesis. [62] The base plates are assembled first, with the tails being built upon them afterward. The head capsids, constructed separately, will spontaneously assemble with the tails.
Each face in turn is formed by a repetition of simpler sub-units, with the amount of repetitions called a triangulation number (T). Similar capsid structures can be used by many different types of viruses. [3] In many viruses, the virions have icosahedral symmetry, which can be ideally isometric or elongated. Many virions also have other shapes:
We have not yet developed vaccines against all viruses, but we also have an array of targeted drugs that work to treat specific viruses if we get infected with them. Bacteria are larger and more ...
Virus is shed in the feces of infected individuals. In 95% of cases only a primary, transient presence of viremia (virus in the bloodstream) occurs, and the poliovirus infection is asymptomatic. In about 5% of cases, the virus spreads and replicates in other sites such as brown fat, reticuloendothelial tissue, and muscle.