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Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral [2] [3] structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. [4]
Capsomeres can arrange into an icosahedral, helical, or complex capsid, but in many viruses, such as the herpes simplex virus, an icosahedral capsid is assembled. [2] Three asymmetric and nonidentical viral protein units make up each of the twenty identical triangular faces in the icosahedral capsid.
All enveloped viruses also have a capsid, another protein layer, between the envelope and the genome. [1] The virus wraps its delicate nucleic acid with a protein shell known as the capsid, from the Latin capsa, meaning "box," in order to shield it from this hostile environment.
The capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid. [1] In this diagram of an Adenovirus, the capsid molecules are clearly visible. Subunits called protomers aggregate to form capsomeres. Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1 ...
Virus is shed in the feces of infected individuals. In 95% of cases only a primary, transient presence of viremia (virus in the bloodstream) occurs, and the poliovirus infection is asymptomatic. In about 5% of cases, the virus spreads and replicates in other sites such as brown fat, reticuloendothelial tissue, and muscle.
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are small viruses that infect humans and some other primate species. They belong to the genus Dependoparvovirus , which in turn belongs to the family Parvoviridae . They are small (approximately 26 nm in diameter) replication-defective , nonenveloped viruses and have linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome of ...
Two groups of double-stranded DNA viruses with single-JRC capsids are the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae, both of which have fairly small capsids; in these viruses, the architecture of the assembled capsid orients the axis of the jelly roll parallel or "horizontally" relative to the capsid surface. [11]
Varidnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all DNA viruses that encode major capsid proteins that contain a vertical jelly roll fold.The major capsid proteins (MCP) form into pseudohexameric subunits of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and are perpendicular, or vertical, to the surface of the capsid.