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LLN – law of large numbers. ln – natural logarithm, log e. lnp1 – natural logarithm plus 1 function. ln1p – natural logarithm plus 1 function. log – logarithm. (If without a subscript, this may mean either log 10 or log e.) logh – natural logarithm, log e. [6] LST – language of set theory. lub – least upper bound. [1] (Also ...
See § Brackets for examples of use. Most symbols have two printed versions. They can be displayed as Unicode characters, or in LaTeX format. With the Unicode version, using search engines and copy-pasting are easier. On the other hand, the LaTeX rendering is often much better (more aesthetic), and is generally considered a standard in mathematics.
A reference to a standard or choice-free presentation of some mathematical object (e.g., canonical map, canonical form, or canonical ordering). The same term can also be used more informally to refer to something "standard" or "classic". For example, one might say that Euclid's proof is the "canonical proof" of the infinitude of primes.
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers.
A subset of the sample space of a procedure or experiment (i.e. a possible outcome) to which a probability can be assigned. For example, on rolling a die, "getting a three" is an event (with a probability of 1 ⁄ 6 if the die is fair), as is "getting a five or a six" (with a probability of 1 ⁄ 3).
Mathematics is a broad subject that is commonly divided in many areas or branches that may be defined by their objects of study, by the used methods, or by both. For example, analytic number theory is a subarea of number theory devoted to the use of methods of analysis for the study of natural numbers. This glossary is alphabetically sorted.
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Is a complex number that can be written as a real number multiplied by the imaginary unit i, [note 2] which is defined by its property i 2 = −1. [54] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b 2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. Zero is considered to be both real and imaginary. [55] implicit function