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A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone, or in formal botanical usage a strobilus, pl.: strobili, is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads.
The female cone then opens, releasing the seeds which grow to a young seedling. To fertilize the ovum, the male cone releases pollen that is carried in the wind to the female cone. This is pollination. (Male and female cones usually occur on the same plant.) The pollen fertilizes the female gamete (located in the female cone).
Subfamily Piceoideae : cones are annual, without a distinct umbo, the cone scale base is broad, concealing the seeds fully from abaxial view, seed is without resin vesicles, blackish, the seed wing holds the seed loosely in a cup, leaves have primary stomatal bands adaxial (above the xylem) or equally on both surfaces.
The name Pinus coulteri comes from Latin for pine, and coulteri comes from its discoverer Thomas Coulter (1793–1843), an Irish botanist and physician. [9] Pinus coulteri was discovered by Dr. Coulter on the mountains of Santa Lucia, near the Mission of San Antonio, in latitude 36°, within sight of the sea and at an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet above its level.
Like all conifers, the mountain pine life cycle is dependent on cones. Male and female flowers are found on separate trees [4] – male cones 3-5mm long are at the tips of branches [18] and female flowers grow solo or in pairs and form just below the tips of the branches. [4]
Needles and cones. The green pine needles give the twisted branches a bottle-brush appearance. The needles of the tree surround the branch to an extent of about one foot near the tip of the limb. [13] The name bristlecone pine refers to the dark purple female cones that bear incurved prickles on their surface.
The cones thus grow over a two-year (26-month) cycle, so that newer green and older, seed-bearing or open brown cones are on the tree at the same time. Open cone with empty pine nuts The seed cones open to 6–9 cm ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) broad when mature, holding the seeds on the scales after opening.
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus (/ ˈ p aɪ n ə s /) [1] of the family Pinaceae. Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae.. World Flora Online accepts 187 species names of pines as current, with additional synonyms, making it the largest family among the conifers. [2]