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  2. Prudential capital controls - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudential_Capital_Controls

    Prudential capital controls are typical ways of prudential regulation that takes the form of capital controls and regulates a country's capital account inflows. Prudential capital controls aim to mitigate systemic risk , reduce business cycle volatility, increase macroeconomic stability, and enhance social welfare .

  3. Valuation risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuation_risk

    The ECB acknowledged "The interconnectedness of the accounting and prudential frameworks" and consistently adopted in its inspections on banks a comprehensive perspective covering both the accounting space ("valuation uncertainty, observability of valuation inputs, model risk, fair value classification, recognition of profits when instruments ...

  4. Capital Requirements Directives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Requirements...

    On 17 July 2013, the CRD IV package was transposed —via a Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms (CRR)) and a Directive (Directive 2013/36/EU on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms ...

  5. Capital requirement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_requirement

    A key part of bank regulation is to make sure that firms operating in the industry are prudently managed. The aim is to protect the firms themselves, their customers, the government (which is liable for the cost of deposit insurance in the event of a bank failure) and the economy, by establishing rules to make sure that these institutions hold enough capital to ensure continuation of a safe ...

  6. Banking regulation and supervision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_regulation_and...

    An example of a country with a contemporary minimum reserve ratio is Hong Kong, where banks are required to maintain 25% of their liabilities that are due on demand or within 1 month as qualifying liquefiable assets. Reserve requirements have also been used in the past to control the stock of banknotes and/or bank deposits. Required reserves ...

  7. Product control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_control

    Controllers (here) are usually assigned to a particular asset class, for example Credit, Rates or FX. If the regulator requires it, [1] Valuations governs the Bank's "prudential valuation" [4] submission. There are additional controls that this function executes.

  8. Moral hazard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard

    Assume this health insurance makes health care free for the individual. In this case, the individual will have a price of $0 for the health care and thus will consume 20 units. The price will still be $10, but the insurance company would be the one bearing the costs. This example shows numerically how moral hazard could occur with health insurance.

  9. Asset and liability management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_and_liability_management

    Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]