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  2. Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_Sahl_Rabban_al-Tabari

    Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (Persian: علی ابن سهل ربن طبری آملی; c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855 [1] or 808–864 [2] also 783–858 [3]), was a Persian [4] [5] Muslim scholar, physician and psychologist, who produced one of the first Islamic encyclopedia of medicine titled Firdaws al-Hikmah ("Paradise of Wisdom").

  3. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje

    Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrɪstijaːn ˈsnuk ɦʏrˈɣrɔɲə]; 8 February 1857 – 26 June 1936) was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and advisor on native affairs to the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).

  4. Encyclopedia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia

    Indeed, the purpose of an encyclopedia is to collect knowledge disseminated around the globe; to set forth its general system to the men with whom we live, and transmit it to those who will come after us, so that the work of preceding centuries will not become useless to the centuries to come; and so that our offspring, becoming better instructed, will at the same time become more virtuous and ...

  5. Sharia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia

    They accused secular leaders of corruption and predatory behavior, and claimed that a return to Sharia would replace despotic rulers with pious leaders striving for social and economic justice. In the Arab world these positions are often encapsulated in the slogan "Islam is the solution" (al-Islam huwa al-hall). [209]

  6. Pope Francis reveals two attempts on his life during 2021 ...

    www.aol.com/news/pope-francis-reveals-two...

    Two attempted attacks on Pope Francis, including one by a suicide bomber, were foiled during his landmark trip to Iraq in 2021, the pontiff has revealed in an autobiography.

  7. History of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam

    The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.

  8. Taqiyya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqiyya

    Minority Shi‘a communities, since the earliest days of Islam, were often forced to practice pious circumspection (taqiyya) as an instinctive method of self-preservation and protection, an obligatory practice in the lands which became known as the realm of pious circumspection (dār al-taqiyya). Therefore, the recurring theme is that during ...

  9. Personal construct theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_construct_theory

    Within personality psychology, personal construct theory (PCT) or personal construct psychology (PCP) is a theory of personality and cognition developed by the American psychologist George Kelly in the 1950s. [1]