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Iron is by far the most reactive element in its group; it is pyrophoric when finely divided and dissolves easily in dilute acids, giving Fe 2+. However, it does not react with concentrated nitric acid and other oxidizing acids due to the formation of an impervious oxide layer, which can nevertheless react with hydrochloric acid. [10]
The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide: 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g) Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron , will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt ...
Iron(III) chloride forms a 1:2 adduct with Lewis bases such as triphenylphosphine oxide; e.g., FeCl 3 (OP(C 6 H 5) 3) 2. The related 1:2 complex FeCl 3 (OEt 2) 2, where Et = C 2 H 5), has been crystallized from ether solution. [14] Iron(III) chloride also reacts with tetraethylammonium chloride to give the yellow salt of the tetrachloroferrate ...
Therefore, they are generated by adding iron filings to bromine or chlorine. Here is the mechanism of this reaction: The mechanism for bromination of benzene. The mechanism for iodination is slightly different: iodine (I 2) is treated with an oxidizing agent such as nitric acid to obtain the electrophilic iodine ("I +", probably IONO 2).
For a few limited purposes when it is needed, pure iron is produced in the laboratory in small quantities by reducing the pure oxide or hydroxide with hydrogen, or forming iron pentacarbonyl and heating it to 250 °C so that it decomposes to form pure iron powder. [48] Another method is electrolysis of ferrous chloride onto an iron cathode. [117]
Nitrosyl chloride is produced as a by-product; it bubbles out of the solution as a gas. More conveniently, the salt can be made by reacting nitric acid with aluminium hydroxide . Aluminium nitrate may also be prepared a metathesis reaction between aluminium sulfate and a nitrate salt with a suitable cation such as barium, strontium, calcium ...
Nitric acid is a source of nitric oxide complexes, although the details are obscure. Probably relevant is the conventional self-dehydration of nitric acid: 2 HNO 3 → NO 2 + NO 3 − + H 2 O. Nitric acid is used in some preparations of nitroprusside from ferrocyanide: HNO 3 + [Fe(CN) 6] 4-→ [Fe(CN) 5 (NO)] 2-+ OH − + OCN −
In the following redox reaction, hazardous sodium metal reacts with toxic chlorine gas to form the ionic compound sodium chloride, or common table salt: + () In the reaction, sodium metal goes from an oxidation state of 0 (a pure element) to +1: in other words, the sodium lost one electron and is said to have been oxidized.