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  2. Difference engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_engine

    The London Science Museum's difference engine, the first one actually built from Babbage's design. The design has the same precision on all columns, but in calculating polynomials, the precision on the higher-order columns could be lower. A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.

  3. List of equations in fluid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in_fluid...

    Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface. Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to ...

  4. Differential (mechanical device) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanical...

    A spur-gear differential has an equal-sized spur gears at each end, each of which is connected to an output shaft. [8] The input torque (i.e. from the engine or transmission) is applied to the differential via the rotating carrier. [8] Pinion pairs are located within the carrier and rotate freely on pins supported by the carrier.

  5. Differential pulley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulley

    The differential pulley was invented in 1854 by Thomas Aldridge Weston from King's Norton, England. [2] The pulleys were manufactured in collaboration with Richard and George Tangye. According to Richard Tangye's autobiography, the Weston differential pulley evolved from the Chinese windlass, with an endless chain replacing the finite length of ...

  6. Atkinson cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_cycle

    The first implementation of the Atkinson cycle was in 1882; unlike later versions, it was arranged as an opposed-piston engine, the Atkinson differential engine. [6] [7] In this, a single crankshaft was connected to two opposed pistons through a toggle-jointed linkage that had a nonlinearity; for half a revolution, one piston remained almost stationary while the other approached it and ...

  7. Compression ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_ratio

    In piston engines, static compression ratio is determined using the cylinder volume when the piston is at the top and bottom of its travel. The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

  8. Effective torque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_torque

    The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η tf. N tf = N t * N f. η tf = η t * η f... where Tw is wheel torque, Te is engine torque, N is the gear ratio, η is the efficiency, and the subscripts t and f are for the gearbox and differential, respectively.

  9. Stirling engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine

    This initial engine pressurization can be realized by a pump, or by filling the engine from a compressed gas tank, or even just by sealing the engine when the mean temperature is lower than the mean operating temperature. All of these methods increase the mass of working fluid in the thermodynamic cycle.