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Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian.Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran (Persepolis, Susa, Hamadan, Kharg Island), Armenia, Romania (), [1] [2] [3] Turkey (Van Fortress), and along the Suez Canal. [4]
As a written language, Old Persian is attested in royal Achaemenid inscriptions. It is an Iranian language and as such a member of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscriptions. [9]
The Behistun Inscription (also Bisotun, Bisitun or Bisutun; Persian: بیستون, Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multilingual Achaemenid royal inscription and large rock relief on a cliff at Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran, established by Darius the Great (r.
After translating Old Persian, Rawlinson and, working independently of him, the Irish Assyriologist Edward Hincks, began to decipher the other cuneiform scripts in the Behistun Inscription. The decipherment of Old Persian was thus notably instrumental to the decipherment of Elamite and Babylonian, thanks to the trilingual Behistun inscription.
Persian literature [a] comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It spans over two-and-a-half millennia.
Inscription XPc at Persepolis, on the southern side of the Palace of Darius.It is repeated three times, known as XPca, XPcb and XPcc. XPca and XPcc are facing each other towards the top of the antas (large pillars) on the left and right respectively; both have 15 lines in Old Persian, 14 lines in Elamite and 13 lines in Babylonian.
With more than 6,000 words, the Farhang-e Soruri is primarily composed of old Persian words that were scarcely used in the 17th-century but were used by early Persian poets. [1] Twenty-eight chapters, an index, and two openings make up the dictionary. The dictionary is presented in an alphabetical order.
In this trilingual text, certain rebels have magian as an attribute; in the Old Persian portion as maγu-(generally assumed to be a loan word from Median). The meaning of the term in this context is uncertain. [5] The other instance appears in the texts of the Avesta, the sacred literature of Zoroastrianism.