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Endochondral ossification is responsible for development of most bones including long and short bones, [4] the bones of the axial (ribs and vertebrae) and the appendicular skeleton (e.g. upper and lower limbs), [5] the bones of the skull base (including the ethmoid and sphenoid bones) [6] and the medial end of the clavicle. [7]
A spotted gar larva at 22 days stained for cartilage (blue) and bone (red). Chondrogenesis is the biological process through which cartilage tissue is formed and developed. . This intricate and tightly regulated cellular differentiation pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development, as cartilage serves as a fundamental component of the embryonic skele
Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones and most other bones in the body; it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and development, development of the primary and secondary ossification centers , and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal ...
Endochondral ossification is the process by which most vertebrate axial skeletons form into hardened bones from cartilage. This process begins with a cartilage anlage where chondrocyte cells will congregate and start their maturation process.
Diagram showing stages of endochondral ossification. Endochondral ossification is the formation of long bones and other bones. This requires a hyaline cartilage precursor. There are two centers of ossification for endochondral ossification. The primary center. In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft).
The replacement process is known as endochondral ossification with respect to the hyaline cartilage and bony substitution with respect to the woven bone. Substitution of woven bone happens before substitution of hyaline cartilage. The lamellar bone begins forming soon after the collagen matrix of either tissue becomes mineralized.
TGF-β determines and regulates cell lineages during endochondral ossification through Sox9 and Runx2 signalling pathways. TGF-β will act as a stimulator of chondrogenesis, and an inhibitor of osteoblastic differentiation, by blocking the Runx2 factor through Smad3 activation. Sox9 stimulates differentiation into chondrocytes.
The Haversian system forms during the process of endochondral ossification, which starts with a cartilage template that is gradually replaced by bone tissue. Osteoblasts , the bone-forming cells, secrete the organic components of bone matrix [osteoid] and then initiates its mineralization.