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Because exchange of W bosons involves a transfer of electric charge (as well as a transfer of weak isospin, while weak hypercharge is not transferred), it is known as "charged current". By contrast, exchanges of Z bosons involve no transfer of electrical charge, so it is referred to as a "neutral current". In the latter case, the word "current ...
There is evidence for a retarding Coulomb force between asperities of different charges, [110] and an increase in the adhesion from contact electrification when geckos walk on water. [111] There is also evidence of connections between jerky (stick–slip) processes during sliding with charge transfer, [44] electrical discharge [112] and x-ray ...
An intermediate case between Frenkel and Wannier excitons is the charge-transfer (CT) exciton. In molecular physics, CT excitons form when the electron and the hole occupy adjacent molecules. [ 18 ] They occur primarily in organic and molecular crystals; [ 19 ] in this case, unlike Frenkel and Wannier excitons, CT excitons display a static ...
The two different mechanisms result in different charge mobilities. In disordered solids, disordered potentials result in weak localization effects (traps), which reduce the mean free path, and hence the mobility, of mobile charges. Carrier recombination also decreases mobility.
Fig. 1. The parabolas of outer-sphere reorganisation energy of the system two spheres in a solvent. Parabola i: the charge on the first, transfer to the second, parabola f: the charge on the second, transfer to the first. The abscissa is the transferred amount of charge Δe or the induced polarization P, the ordinate the Gibbs free energy.
In chemistry, charge-transfer (CT) complex, or electron donor-acceptor complex, describes a type of supramolecular assembly of two or more molecules or ions. The assembly consists of two molecules that self-attract through electrostatic forces, i.e., one has at least partial negative charge and the partner has partial positive charge, referred ...
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The free electrons are therefore the charge carrier in a typical solid conductor. For a steady flow of charge through a surface, the current I (in amperes) can be calculated with the following equation: I = Q t , {\displaystyle I={Q \over t}\,,} where Q is the electric charge transferred through the surface over a time t .