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Kanlaon has a peak elevation of 2,465 m (8,087 ft), although it is reported as 2,435 m (7,989 ft) in some sources, with a base diameter of 30 km (19 mi), and is dotted with pyroclastic cones and extinct craters lining to the north-northwest. Just below and north of the summit is the active Lugud crater.
The catastrophic June 1991 eruption, which formed a caldera, later filled by a crater lake, had global environmental effects. Mount Bulusan in Sorsogon; Mount Kanlaon and Mount Talinis in Negros; Mount Arayat in Pampanga; Mount Iriga and Mount Isarog in Camarines Sur; Mount Mariveles and Mount Natib in Bataan; Mount Malindig in Marinduque
On October 19, 2024, the summit crater of the volcano exhibited continuous degassing, along with occasional weak ash emissions. PHIVOLCS recorded twenty-eight instances of ash emissions, ranging from four minutes to one hour and eighteen minutes in duration, producing grayish plumes that rose 300–800 m (980–2,620 ft) above the summit and ...
The EID lists fewer than ten such craters, and the largest in the last 100,000 years (100 ka) is the 4.5 km (2.8 mi) Rio Cuarto crater in Argentina. [2] However, there is some uncertainty regarding its origins [ 3 ] and age, with some sources giving it as < 10 ka [ 2 ] [ 4 ] while the EID gives a broader < 100 ka.
Eruptions were recorded from 1886 to 2006. On November 23, 2015 the volcano had a small, steam-driven explosion. PHIVOLCS raised the alert level to 1 (mild restiveness). Last eruption was on December 9, 2024 which PHIVOLCS classified as phreatic eruption. Kanlaon ejected about 3 kilometers high column of pyroclastic ash and incandescent materials.
Particularly for Indonesia, Simkin and Siebert used a catalogue of active volcanoes from the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior publication series. [ b ] The Simkin and Siebert list is the most complete list of volcanoes in Indonesia, but the accuracy of the record varies from one region to another in ...
The most severe eruptions on Earth in historical times took place in Indonesia. In 1815, the giant eruption of Mount Tambora, a stratovolcano, became the largest known eruption in the world during historical times, and it had such a large effect on the climate that the following year, 1816, in Europe was known as the year without summer. 40 km 3 of ash were produced as a result of the eruption ...
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