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  2. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

  3. Instruction pipelining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipelining

    In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...

  4. Execution (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(computing)

    The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage.

  5. Instruction scheduling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_scheduling

    In computer science, instruction scheduling is a compiler optimization used to improve instruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines with instruction pipelines. Put more simply, it tries to do the following without changing the meaning of the code:

  6. MIPS architecture processors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_architecture_processors

    The R8000 (1994) was the first superscalar MIPS design, able to execute two integer or floating point and two memory instructions per cycle. The design was spread over six chips: an integer unit (with 16 KB instruction and 16 KB data caches), a floating-point unit, three fully-custom secondary cache tag RAMs (two for secondary cache accesses ...

  7. Out-of-order execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-order_execution

    The first machine to use out-of-order execution was the CDC 6600 (1964), designed by James E. Thornton, which uses a scoreboard to avoid conflicts. It permits an instruction to execute if its source operand (read) registers aren't to be written to by any unexecuted earlier instruction (true dependency) and the destination (write) register not be a register used by any unexecuted earlier ...

  8. Stepping (debugging) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepping_(debugging)

    Induced interrupt This technique involves forcing a breakpoint at certain points in a program at execution time, usually by altering the machine code instruction at that point (this might be an inserted system call or deliberate invalid operation) and waiting for an interrupt. When the interrupt occurs, it is handled by the testing tool to ...

  9. Cycles per instruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycles_per_instruction

    In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. [1] It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle.