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316 million women (9.3% as of 2010) [1] Pelvic organ prolapse ( POP ) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [ 2 ]
Benign gynecological conditions include fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, uterine and/or vaginal wall prolapse, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, benign ovarian masses, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, and endometrial ...
The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics was founded in 1954 to promote the well-being of women particularly in raising the standards of gynaecological practice and care. As of 2010, there were 124 countries involved.
A pelvic examination is the physical examination of the external and internal female pelvic organs. [1] It is frequently used in gynecology for the evaluation of symptoms affecting the female reproductive and urinary tract, such as pain, bleeding, discharge, urinary incontinence, or trauma (e.g. sexual assault).
Historically, discussions surrounding feminine reproductive and sexual health have been subject to social stigma within Western society. [3] Women in Western society may avoid discussing problems relating to the female reproductive system, including problems related to female sexual health, with their healthcare providers. [3]
The self-reported history decreased from 4.1% in 2013 to 3.6% in 2017. It is possible that increased screening at annual gynecologist appointments has led to an earlier detection and prevention of PID. In white non-Hispanic women, the prevalence decreased from 4.9% to 3.9%, and in Hispanic women, the prevalence decreased from 5.3% to 3.7%.
Gynecology developed as a new and separate field of study from obstetrics, focusing on the curing of illness and indispositions of female sexual organs, [110] encompassing conditions such as menopause, uterine and cervical problems, and tissue damage as a result of childbirth.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.