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A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception. When it is used on specific nerve pathways (nerve block), effects such as analgesia (loss of pain sensation) and paralysis (loss of muscle power) can be achieved. Clinical local anesthetics belong to one of two classes: aminoamide and aminoester ...
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
1900. α [6] β [7] [8] etidocaine: Duranest 1971 (Takman) 1972 (Lund) hexylcaine: Cyclaine, Osmocaine fomocaine [9] ester - phenyl fotocaine [9] hydroxyprocaine [10] ester - aminosalicylic isobucaine [11] Ester - benzoic levobupivacaine: Chirocaine 1990s (Mather and Tucker) 1995 lidocaine [12] [13] (lignocaine) Xylocaine 1943 (Nils Löfgren ...
[1] [7] One survey of anesthesiologists who practice intravenous regional anesthesia found that 98% used adjuvant benzodiazepines and/or opioids, with benzodiazepines always being given systemically (to the whole body and brain), whereas opioids can be given either systemically or locally (only into the limb being anesthetized). Most providers ...
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The purpose of anesthesia can be distilled down to three basic goals or endpoints: [2]: 236 hypnosis (a temporary loss of consciousness and with it a loss of memory.In a pharmacological context, the word hypnosis usually has this technical meaning, in contrast to its more familiar lay or psychological meaning of an altered state of consciousness not necessarily caused by drugs—see hypnosis).
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Allergic reactions to anesthesia; Anaesthesia associate; Anesthetic technician; Anaphia; Talk:Anesthesia; Template:Anesthesia; Anesthesia awareness; Anesthesia provision in the United States; Aortocaval compression syndrome; ASA physical status classification system; Atracurium besilate; Audioanalgesia