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For the Maori, the land was not merely a resource, but a connection to ancestors. [4] The mana of the tribe was strongly associated with the lands of that tribe. From this came the Maori proverb "Man perishes, but the land remains." The Maori beliefs included Atua, invisible spirits connected to natural phenomena such as rainbows, trees, or stones.
Prior to Māori arrival, New Zealand was almost entirely forested, besides high alpine regions and those areas affected by volcanic activity. Māori began settling the country about 1000 years ago [3] and by 1840, when Europeans were a small part of the total population, the forest cover was significantly reduced from 85% down to 53%.
The Marine and Coastal Area Act 2011 replaced the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, which was introduced by the Fifth Labour Government. [11] Māori Party co-leader Dame Tariana Turia, who left Labour and established the Māori Party largely as a response to the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, [12] began the third reading of the Bill in the House of Representatives on 24 March 2011.
Stewardship areas are areas managed to protect the natural and historic values, which can be disposed of through a public process if retaining the land wouldn't "materially enhance the conservation or recreational values of adjacent land". [4] Other conservation and administrative land, including certain types of state forest land, private or ...
In Māori culture, a rāhui is a form of tapu restricting access to, or use of, an area or resource by the kaitiaki (guardian/s) of the area in the spirit of kaitiakitanga. [1] With the passing of the 1996 Fisheries Act , a rāhui was able to be imposed by the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries , [ 2 ] a role that has since been taken over by ...
The Te Wahipounamu area is the least populated part of New Zealand. [3] Most residents work in tourism related jobs but there are other land use occupations. On the coast residents engage in fishing, grazing, and small-scale mining. In the eastern part of the World Heritage area pastoralism is the main land use.
An 1857 letter suggests that the area was divided between 14 hapū, who had converted their 'waste' lands to agriculture. [ 5 ] Immediately prior to invasion in 1864, magistrate, John Eldon Gorst , wrote, " The land around Rangiaowhia and Te Awamutu, extending to and including part of Kihikihi, belongs to natives of the great Waikato tribe. . .
The Conservation Act also sets up a hierarchy of consideration of activities occurring on public conservation land under s6(e): "to the extent that the use of any natural or historic resource for recreation or tourism is not inconsistent with its conservation, to foster the use of natural and historic resources for recreation, and to allow ...