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In the case of reproductions of works specified in subsection (n) of section 5 of this title ["Sound recordings"], the notice shall consist of the symbol ℗, (the letter P in a circle), the year of first publication of the sound recording, and the name of the owner of copy right in the sound recording, or an abbreviation by which the name can ...
Prior to the Sound Recording Amendment (SRA), [51] which took effect in 1972, copyright in sound recordings was handled at the state level. Federal copyright law preempts most state copyright laws but allows state copyright in sound recordings to continue for one full copyright term after the SRA's effective date, [52] which means 2067.
The proper copyright notice for sound recordings of musical or other audio works is a sound recording copyright symbol (℗, the letter P inside a circle, Unicode U+2117 ℗ SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT), which indicates a sound recording copyright, with the letter P indicating a "phonorecord".
To secure protection under this convention, copies of the sound recording must carry a copyright notice, one exclusively for sound recordings. The notice consists of the phonogram copyright symbol, "℗" which is the upper case letter "P" in a circle, the year of publication, and the copyright owner's name.
The copyright symbol, or copyright sign, designated by (a circled capital letter "C"), is the symbol used in copyright notices for works other than sound recordings.
The name of the copyright owner of the sound recording, an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of the owner. If the producer of the sound recording is named on the phonorecord label or container and if no other name appears in conjunction with the notice, the producer's name will be ...
For example: all of the following are "phonorecords" under the law: A wire recording; a 16-rpm, 33-rpm, 45-rpm or 78-rpm phonograph record (vinyl disc), a reel-to-reel tape, an 8-track tape, a compact cassette tape, a compact disc, an audio DVD, and an MP3 file stored on a computer, compact disc or USB flash drive.
The symbol denotes the copyright in the sound recording, see 17 USC 402(a); not in the phonorecord. The sound recording is the copyrighted work that represents the recorded performance. The "phonorecord" is the physical object (CD, cassette tape, whatever) that embodies the sound recording.