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A sound attenuator, or duct silencer, sound trap, or muffler, is a noise control acoustical treatment of Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) ductwork designed to reduce transmission of noise through the ductwork, either from equipment into occupied spaces in a building, or between occupied spaces.
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Example of airborne and structure-borne transmission of sound, where Lp is sound pressure level, A is attenuation, P is acoustical pressure, S is the area of the wall [m²], and τ is the transmission coefficient. Acoustic transmission is the transmission of sounds through and between materials, including air, wall, and musical instruments.
Acoustic attenuation in water is frequency-squared dependent, namely =. Acoustic attenuation in many metals and crystalline materials is frequency-independent, namely =. [10] In contrast, it is widely noted that the of viscoelastic materials is between 0 and 2.
Architectural acoustics (also known as building acoustics) is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a building and is a branch of acoustical engineering. [1] The first application of modern scientific methods to architectural acoustics was carried out by the American physicist Wallace Sabine in the Fogg Museum lecture room.
The L pad attenuates the signal by having two separate rheostats connected in an "L" configuration (hence the name). One rheostat is connected in series with the loudspeaker and, as the resistance of this rheostat increases, less power is coupled into the loudspeaker and the loudness of sound produced by the loudspeaker decreases.
The attenuation coefficient is = / (), following Stokes' law (sound attenuation). This effect is more intense at elevated frequencies and is much greater in air (where attenuation occurs on a characteristic distance α − 1 {\displaystyle \alpha ^{-1}} ~10 cm at 1 MHz) than in water ( α − 1 {\displaystyle \alpha ^{-1}} ~100 m at 1 MHz).
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