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The war formally ended in 1862 when Russia promised autonomy for Chechnya and other Caucasian ethnic groups. [31] However, Chechnya and the surrounding region, including northern Dagestan, were incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Terek Oblast. Some Chechens have perceived Shamil's surrender as a betrayal, thus creating friction between ...
The First Chechen War began in December 1994, when Russian troops were sent to Chechnya to fight the separatist forces. [51] During the Battle of Grozny (1994–95), the city's population dropped from 400,000 to 140,000. [52]
There are echoes of the Russian intervention into Chechnya in late December 1994 here, when the Russian leadership planned a massive armoured offensive against the Chechen capital, Grozny, intending to stage a decisive strike with air support, relying on speed to take the Chechen leadership by surprise and ensure Russia held the initiative.
'Second Russian-Chechen War' [28]) took place in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, from August 1999 to April 2009. In August 1999, rogue Islamists from Chechnya infiltrated Dagestan in Russia.
The Chechen genocide [12] refers to the mass casualties suffered by the Chechen people since the beginning of the Chechen–Russian conflict in the 18th century. [13] [14] The term has no legal effect, [15] although the European Parliament recognized the 1944 forced deportation of the Chechens, which killed around a third of the total Chechen population, as an act of genocide in 2004. [16]
During the First Chechen War, the Chechen economy fell apart. [116] In 1994, the separatists planned to introduce a new currency, but the change did not occur due to the re-taking of Chechnya by Russian troops in the Second Chechen War. [116] The economic situation in Chechnya has improved considerably since 2000.
The Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty of 1997, also known as the Moscow Peace Treaty, [1] was a formal peace treaty [2] "on peace and the principles of Russian–Chechen relations" following the First Chechen War of 1994–1996.
First Chechen War: The Khasav-Yurt Accord was signed, signaling the end of the war. 1999: 7 August: Dagestan War: A Chechnya-based militia invaded the Russian republic of Dagestan in support of local separatists. 16 August: The State Duma confirmed the appointment of Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister of Russia. 23 August