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This effect is responsible for guided propagation of sound waves over long distances in the ocean and in the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, vertical gradients of wind speed and temperature lead to refraction. [1] The wind speed is usually increasing with height, which leads to a downward bending of the sound rays towards the ground.
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 14:53, 14 November 2011: 641 × 355 (13 KB): Epzcaw: MInor adjustments to improve quality: 19:48, 13 November 2011
A sound speed gradient leads to refraction of sound wavefronts in the direction of lower sound speed, causing the sound rays to follow a curved path. The radius of curvature of the sound path is inversely proportional to the gradient. [2] When the sun warms the Earth's surface, there is a negative temperature gradient in atmosphere.
Special pages; Printable version; Page information; ... Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: ... 1=Diagram of angles of incidence, reflection, ...
An acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that transmits energy through the movements of atoms and molecules. Acoustic waves transmit through fluids in a longitudinal manner (movement of particles are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave); in contrast to electromagnetic waves that transmit in transverse manner (movement of particles at a right angle to the direction of propagation ...
The fraction of sound absorbed is governed by the acoustic impedances of both media and is a function of frequency and the incident angle. [2] Size and shape can influence the sound wave's behavior if they interact with its wavelength, giving rise to wave phenomena such as standing waves and diffraction.
Snell's law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law, the ibn-Sahl law, [1] and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.
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