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The effectiveness of individual antibiotics varies with the anatomical site of the infection, the ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection, and the ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic. [34] Specimens for antibiotic sensitivity testing are ideally collected before treatment is started. [1]
The erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) is a method used to measure metabolism (oxidation and elimination from the system) by a part of the cytochrome P450 system. [1] Erythromycin produces 14 CO 2, and this 14 CO 2 can be measured to study drugs that interact with the cytochrome P450 system.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
Erythromycin's elimination half-life ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 hours and is between 5 and 6 hours in patients with end-stage renal disease. Erythromycin levels peak in the serum 4 hours after dosing; ethylsuccinate peaks 0.5–2.5 hours after dosing, but can be delayed if digested with food. [39]
Etest is a quantitative technique for determining the antibiotic sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (in μg/mL) of some bacteria including Gram-negative and Gram-positive aerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, [2] Pseudomonas, [2] [3] [4] Burkholderia, [2] [5] Staphylococcus, [6] and Enterococcus [7] species and fastidious bacteria, such as anaerobes, N. gonorrhoeae, S ...
The two antimicrobial disks contain erythromycin and clindamycin and are placed 25 mm apart when testing Staphylococcus and 15 mm apart for Streptococcus. This is called a D-zone test , or D test . If a 'D' shape is formed around the clindamycin disk (distinguished from a circular zone of inhibition) then the isolate is reported as resistant to ...
Bacteriotherapy is the purposeful use of bacteria or their products in treating an illness. [1] Forms of bacteriotherapy include the use of probiotics, microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed; fecal matter transplants (FMT) [2] /intestinal microbiota transplant (IMT), [3] the transfer of gut microorganisms from the fecal matter of healthy donors to recipient patients to ...
Often, the exact species of bacteria causing the illness is unknown, in which case narrow-spectrum antibiotics can't be used, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are used instead. To know the exact species of bacteria causing the illness, clinical specimens need to be taken for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in a clinical microbiology laboratory.