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The frame problem can be thought of as the problem of formalizing the principle that, by default, "everything is presumed to remain in the state in which it is" (Leibniz, "An Introduction to a Secret Encyclopædia", c. 1679).
This representation of fluents is used in the event calculus, in the fluent calculus, and in the features and fluents logics. Some fluents can be represented as functions in a different way. For example, the position of a box can be represented by a function o n ( b o x , t ) {\displaystyle on(box,t)} whose value is the object the box is ...
The event calculus was developed in part as an alternative to the situation calculus, [6] [7] as a solution to the frame problem, of representing and reasoning about the way in which actions and other events change the state of some world. There are many variants of the event calculus.
The fluent calculus is a formalism for expressing dynamical domains in first-order logic.It is a variant of the situation calculus; the main difference is that situations are considered representations of states.
The version of the situation calculus introduced by McCarthy in 1986 differs to the original one by the use of functional fluents (e.g., (,) is a term representing the position of x in the situation s) and for an attempt to use circumscription to replace the frame axioms.
The name "frame problem" has been at some point used to indicate more generally the problem of "formalizing domains with actions in logic", but I think this use is obsolete now. Regarding inertia, this was the initial assmption in the original problem; there are however some logics where fluents can be specified not to be inertial.
The frame problem shows in this example as the problem that is not a consequence of the above formulae, while the door is supposed to stay closed until the action of opening it is performed. Circumscription can be used to this aim by defining new variables c h a n g e _ o p e n t {\displaystyle change\_open_{t}} to model changes and then ...
A standards-compliant C program written with portability in mind can be compiled for a wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. Since 2000, C has consistently ranked among the top four languages in the TIOBE index, a measure of the popularity of programming languages. [13]