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Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance , oxygen delivery , acid–base balance and much more.
Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock can be related to volume depletion, electrolyte imbalances, or acid–base disorders that accompany hypovolemic shock. [4]Patients with volume depletion may complain of thirst, muscle cramps, and/or orthostatic hypotension.
The signs and symptoms of refeeding syndrome can vary based on the severity of electrolyte disturbances, including weakness, arrhythmias, and respiratory difficulty. Hypophosphatemia, a key feature of refeeding syndrome, may lead to muscle weakness, heart failure, and impaired diaphragmatic function, while hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia can ...
If the diabetes insipidus is due to kidney problems the medication causing the problem may need to be stopped or the underlying electrolyte disturbance corrected. [1] [7] Hypernatremia affects 0.3–1% of people in hospital. [2] It most often occurs in babies, those with impaired mental status, and the elderly. [2]
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Early symptoms of hypovolemia include headache, fatigue, weakness, thirst, and dizziness. The more severe signs and symptoms are often associated with hypovolemic shock. These include oliguria , cyanosis , abdominal and chest pain, hypotension , tachycardia , cold hands and feet, and progressively altering mental status.
Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a low level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Symptoms may include weakness, trouble breathing, and loss of appetite. [1] Complications may include seizures, coma, rhabdomyolysis, or softening of the bones. [1]
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