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The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is a common species of salamander found in Europe. It is black with yellow spots or stripes to a varying degree; some specimens can be nearly completely black while on others the yellow is dominant.
Samandarines are exclusively produced and secreted by the fire salamander through their parotoid glands (20 mg/gland). Samandarin is the main component of these glandular secretions, although the precise ratio of the alkaloids can vary from species to species and individual to individual. [5]
The Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only on the island of Corsica as an endemic species. In former times, this species was known as a subspecies of the widespread but continental-distributed fire salamander , which may appear quite similar.
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
Fire salamander Tetrapoda (four-feet) or tetrapods are the group of all four-limbed vertebrates , including living and extinct amphibians , reptiles , birds , and mammals . Amphibians today generally remain semi-aquatic, living the first stage of their lives as fish-like tadpoles .
A mental gland is a part of the body found in many species of amphibians and reptiles. Mental glands produce chemicals that conspecific animals use to communicate . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Salamandridae is a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin. Their skin is very granular because of the number of poison glands. They also lack nasolabial grooves.
North African fire salamander: Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883: Algeria and Morocco alpine salamander: Salamandra atra Laurenti, 1768: central, eastern and Dinaric Alps Corsican fire salamander: Salamandra corsica Savi, 1838: Corsica Near Eastern fire salamander: Salamandra infraimmaculata Martens, 1885: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and ...