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Cornish provides an example of how sex workers in Sonagachi, a red light district in India, have effectively challenged internalized stigma by establishing that they are respectable women, who admirably take care of their families, and who deserve rights like any other worker. [33]
Stigma management is the process of concealing or disclosing aspects of one's identity to minimize social stigma. [ 1 ] When a person receives unfair treatment or alienation due to a social stigma, the effects can be detrimental.
For example, newly self-acknowledged homosexual individuals cannot take for granted that they share the world with others who hold congruent interpretations and assumptions; their behavior and motives, both past and present, will be interpreted in light of their stigma. [35] Perhaps the strongest proponent of labeling theory was Edward Sagarin.
For example, a person with a criminal record may simply withhold that information for fear of judgment by whomever that person happens to encounter. [7] An important concept within the book is passing, whereby a person with a stigma blends in with normals by way of not disclosing personal attributes. [8]
France has made it illegal to view a person's name on a résumé when screening for the initial list of most qualified candidates. Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands have also experimented with name-blind summary processes. [43] Some apparent discrimination may be explained by other factors such as name frequency. [44]
Other examples of sexist microaggressions are "[addressing someone by using] a sexist name, a man refusing to wash dishes because it is 'women's work,' displaying nude pin-ups of women at places of employment, someone making unwanted sexual advances toward another person".
Women tend to put on extra pounds during midlife, increasing the risks for obesity and related conditions like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and some cancers.
However, how visible their stigma is may also determine the intensity and frequency of adversity they may face from others as a result of their stigma. Goffman explains, "Traditionally, the question of passing has raised the issue of the "visibility" of a particular stigma, that is, how well or how badly-the stigma is adapted to provide means ...