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A garden cultivated on permaculture principles Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems . It includes a set of design principles derived using whole-systems thinking .
Yoshikazu Kawaguchi at Akame Natural Farm School. Widely regarded as the leading practitioner of the second-generation of natural farmers, Yoshikazu Kawaguchi is the instigator of Akame Natural Farm School, and a related network of volunteer-based "no-tuition" natural farming schools in Japan that numbers 40 locations and more than 900 concurrent students. [18]
Soon after permaculture was first introduced and then put into practice by the public, Mollison recognized that permaculture principles encompassed a movement that included not only agriculture, horticulture, architecture, and ecology, but also economic systems, land access strategies, and legal systems for businesses and communities:
The origins of no-dig gardening are unclear, and may be based on pre-industrial or nineteenth-century farming techniques. [3] Masanobu Fukuoka started his pioneering research work in this domain in 1938, and began publishing in the 1970s his Fukuokan philosophy of "do-nothing farming" or natural farming, which is now acknowledged by some as the tap root of the permaculture movement.
Andrew Millison [1] is a Permaculture designer, instructor, and documentary videographer based out of the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. He has been an instructor in the Horticulture Department at Oregon State University (OSU) since 2009 where he founded OSU Permaculture Design [2] which runs the premiere online university Permaculture program in the world.
Principles and Pathways offers twelve key permaculture design principles, each explained in separate chapters. It is regarded as a major landmark in permaculture literature, especially as the seminal work, Bill Mollison's Permaculture: A Designer's Manual (1988) was published fifteen years previously and has never been revised. [10]
In permaculture, sheet mulching is an agricultural no-dig gardening technique that attempts to mimic the natural soil-building process in forests. When deployed properly and in combination with other permaculture principles, it can generate healthy, productive, and low maintenance ecosystems. [1] [2]
The following are some site principles for sustainable gardening: [4] [5] do no harm; use the precautionary principle; design with nature and culture; use a decision-making hierarchy of preservation, conservation, and regeneration; provide regenerative systems as intergenerational equity; support a living process; use a system thinking approach