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Iron, usually as Fe +++ is a common constituent of river waters at very low levels. Higher iron concentrations in acidic springs or an anoxic hyporheic zone may cause visible orange/brown staining or semi-gelatinous precipitates of dense orange iron bacterial floc carpeting the river bed. Such conditions are very deleterious to most organisms ...
Meat can be replaced by, for example, high-protein iron-rich low-emission legumes and common fungi, dietary supplements (e.g. of vitamin B 12) and fortified foods, [152] cultured meat, microbial foods, [153] mycoprotein, [154] meat substitutes, and other alternatives, [155] such as those based on mushrooms, [156] legumes (pulses), and other ...
Human iron homeostasis is regulated at two different levels. Systemic iron levels are balanced by the controlled absorption of dietary iron by enterocytes, the cells that line the interior of the intestines, and the uncontrolled loss of iron from epithelial sloughing, sweat, injuries and blood loss. In addition, systemic iron is continuously ...
Seafood can be an excellent substitute for red meat, and oysters are particularly rich in iron. Slurp down four large mollusks of the mushroom variety and you’ll get 7.8 mg, per the USDA .
[214] [227] [228] Dairy and fish and/or specific types of other foods and/or supplements contain omega 3, vitamin K 2, vitamin D 3, iodine, magnesium and calcium, many of which were generally lower in people consuming types of plant-based diets in studies, [229] [230] though meat-eaters were also shown to be at risk of nutritional deficits.
However, offshore waters had lower iron concentrations and lower productivity despite macronutrient availability for phytoplankton growth. [6] This pattern was observed in other oceanic regions and led to the naming of three major HNLC zones: the North Pacific Ocean , the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the Southern Ocean .
Low iron levels not only decrease quality of life but are also associated with depression, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and muscle wasting. Dietary components significantly influence iron absorption; tannins and polyphenols in tea and coffee inhibit it, while Vitamin C enhances it.
In the table above, magnesium appears to be an anomaly as the recommended intake for adult men is 420 mg/day (women 350 mg/day) while the UL is lower than the recommended, at 350 mg. The reason is that the UL is specific to consuming more than 350 mg of magnesium all at once, in the form of a dietary supplement, as this may cause diarrhea.